Operations (ADP 3-0 & FM 3-0)

Multidomain Operations (MDO)

The Army's operational concept is no longer Unified Land Operations; it has officially shifted to Multidomain Operations (MDO). MDO is the combined arms employment of joint and Army capabilities to create and exploit relative advantages that achieve objectives, defeat enemy forces, and consolidate gains on behalf of joint force commanders. Operations are conducted across five domains: Land, Air, Maritime, Space, and Cyberspace.

Warfighting Functions

A warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions. The six warfighting functions are:
1. Command and Control (C2)
2. Movement and Maneuver
3. Intelligence
4. Fires
5. Sustainment
6. Protection

Operational Framework

• The operational framework is how commanders organize their forces in time, space, and purpose. Key areas include:
• Deep Area: Where the commander sets conditions for future success and disrupts the enemy before they can affect current operations.
• Close Area: Where the decisive action and direct combat occurs.
• Support Area: Where sustainment and C2 assets operate.
• Consolidation Area: Where the force secures and protects gains.

The four decisive action tasks within this framework are: Offense, Defense, Stability, and Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA).

Board Tips

Critical Update: Do not say 'Unified Land Operations.' Know that the Army has officially shifted to Multidomain Operations (MDO). Know the five domains (Land, Air, Maritime, Space, Cyberspace). Know the six warfighting functions and that 'Command and Control' replaced 'Mission Command' as the official name of the function. Classic NCO Question: 'What are the warfighting functions, and how does your specific MOS support them?'